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India closed the gates of Bagihar and Salal Dam a month ago. This is affecting Chenab’s water level in Pakistan.
Pakistan has so far sent four letters to India to restore the Indus Water Treaty. NDTV quoted the source as saying that one of these four letters has been sent after operation vermilion.
Sources said that four letters requested to restore the water treaty from India, Syed Ali Murtaza, Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources of Pakistan, had sent it to the Ministry of Water Power. After which the ministry sent him to the Ministry of External Affairs (Mea).
India postponed the Indus Water Treaty after the terrorist attack in Pahalgam on 22 April. In 1960, there was an agreement between India and Pakistan.
Under which India can use 3 Eastern rivers of Indus Water System and Pakistan was empowered over the water of the remaining 3 western rivers. Now, due to the postponement of water treaty, water crisis has started in Pakistan.
What is the Indus Water Agreement between India and Pakistan? There are a total of 6 rivers in the Indus river system- Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. The area along their banks is spread over 11.2 lakh square kilometers. It has 47% land in Pakistan, 39% land in India, 8% land in China and 6% land in Afghanistan. Around 30 crore people from all these countries live in these areas.
Already in 1947, the partition of rivers started between Punjab and Pakistan’s Sindh province of India and Pakistan. In 1947, there was a ‘Standstil Agreement’ between the engineers of India and Pakistan. Under this, Pakistan continued to get water from two main canals. The agreement lasted until 31 March 1948.
When the agreement was not implemented on 1 April 1948, India stopped the water of both canals. This ruined farming on 17 lakh acres of land in Punjab province of Pakistan. In the re -agreement, India agreed to give water.
After this, a conversation of water sharing in India Pakistan was held in the mediation of the World Bank from 1951 to 1960 and finally on 19 September 1960, there was a signature between PM Nehru and Pakistan President Ayub Khan in Karachi. It is called Indus Water Treaty or Indus Water Treaty.
India has canceled this agreement or just stopped at the moment? A day after the terrorist attack in Pahalgam, that is, while holding a press conference on the evening of 23 April, India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Egypt had said,
The CCS has decided that the 1960 Indus Water Agreement will be postponed with immediate effect, until Pakistan stops supporting the cross -border terrorism.
Foreign Secretary Vikram Egypt held a press conference after a cabinet meeting of security affairs.
Rajan Kumar, Associate Professor of International Studies in JNU, says, “It is clear from the statement of the Foreign Secretary that India is now separated from the Indus Water Agreement and is not obliged to accept its terms. However, it will take some time to watch its action on the ground. Indeed, to prevent or divert rivers, the dam, hydro power project or infrastructure for any other preparation will have to be prepared.
Rajan Kumar believes that Pakistan’s system is such that they cannot stop terrorism. Rajan Kumar says,
Pakistan does not have the intention to eliminate terrorism or stop any kind of terrorist attack in India. The thinking of the system there is completely anti-India. In this environment, India and Pakistan are expected to improve relations in recent years. That is, there will be no talk on the Indus Water Agreement.
Can India stop the water going to Pakistan under the Indus Water Agreement? Actually, the Indus Water Agreement is a permanent treaty. No one country can cancel it on its own will. Both countries can make any changes in it.
However, strategy analyst Brahma Chelani says,
Under Section 62 of the Law of Treaties of the Vienna Agreement, India can withdraw from the treaty on the grounds that Pakistan is using terrorist groups against it. The International Court has also said that any treaty can be canceled if there is any change in the current conditions.
It is important to talk about infrastructure because all these rivers are in the height of India. They reach the areas of Pakistan after flowing from India.
5 big projects of India on Eastern rivers, 3 preparations for 3: India have installed projects like Bhakra Nagal Dam, Pong Dam on Beas, Ranjit Sagar Dam on Beas and Harike Barrage, Indira Canal on Eastern rivers, Sutlej. All these projects are operational, so that India uses about 94% of the water of 3.3 million acres of water of these rivers.
After the Uri terrorist attack in 2019, India said that it would use 100% water by turning the flow of these rivers. After this, Shahpur Kandi Project, Sutlej Beas Canal Link Project and ‘Uj Dam’ on Ravi’s tributary are being made on Ravi. However, these projects are not fully prepared yet.
2 projects in India on Western rivers, 2 preparations for 2: India has launched the Baglihar Dam and Ratle Project on Chenab in the Western rivers of Pakistan, the Pakal Dull Project on the Chinab’s another tributary, Marusudar and Kishanganga project on Neelam, a tributary of Jhelum. Of these, Baglihar Projects and Kishanganga are on.
India can start using maximum water of Western reverse through these dams and projects after the Indus Water Agreement comes out completely. However, this cannot be done overnight by making dams and storing water in them. Western rivers have about 80% of the entire Indus water system. By stopping this suddenly, flood situation can also occur in the areas of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir of India.
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