Before the Bihar Assembly elections, the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) drive is being run by the Election Commission, through which there is intensive investigation of the voter list. With this campaign, the Commission will find out the fake voters included in the voter list and will include new voters in the list. However, this entire exercise has become a matter of political debate, because the opposition alleges that through this, the names of the voters of the anti -government parties are being removed from the list.
Political struggle over SIR in Bihar
In Bihar, a list of 11 documents has been made under SIR Process and only through them, voters can get their verification done. The Aadhaar card has not been included in these documents, which has become a matter of dispute. This case has reached the Supreme Court and during the current monsoon session of Parliament, there is a political struggle on it. Meanwhile, let us tell you how a voter list is made in the neighboring country of China and what is the process of holding elections there?
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China does not have a democratic system like India and there is CPC i.e. Communist Party of China Surveyor. The process of making voter list in China is not done on a large scale and centralized manner like India. The reason for this is that there is a Communist Raj under the single party system and the Communist Party of China (CPC) on power is complete. There are some limited direct elections at the local level, but there is no system to hold direct elections at the national level.
Voter list at local level in China
Voter list is prepared for People’s Congress, especially in rural and urban communities in China. This process is under local administration and CPC. Like India, only Chinese citizens above 18 years of age can be included in China’s voter list, which are identified on the basis of local resident register ie Hukau system. Hukou is China’s internal passport system, which determines the residence of citizens.
Local administration such as Village Committee or Urban resident committees manage voter registration. This process is mostly automatic, as the government already has a database of citizens. The voter list in China can be publicized and citizens get full opportunity to improve or register objection. But still this process is not considered transparent in China.
Who can vote in China?
The voter list in China is only relevant to local level elections and this is the biggest difference compared to India. At the national level in China, the selection of leaders is indirect and under the control of the party, so there is not much meaning of the voter list. At the same time, migrant citizens, who live outside their Hukou area, often have trouble in voting, because voting is only possible on their registered address. There is no system like postal ballot.
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In China too, some rules have been made for voting like India. For example, only a citizen of 18 years or older can vote in China to get the right to voting. Only Chinese citizens have the right to vote, cannot participate in foreign or non-citizens of China’s voting process. Voters can only vote in their Hukau area, due to which citizens living outside the area have to face problems.
How are the President and PM elected?
In China, there is no direct participation in the election of the President, Prime Minister or members of the Polit Bureau. In China, a leader is elected under a very centralized system and CPC has complete control over it. This is completely different from democratic countries like India. Chinese citizens can directly choose those candidates of People’s Congress at the local level, most of which are approved by CPC. Independent candidates have to face challenges there.
The People’s Congress only chooses the villagers of the village or urban level at the local level. Whereas the President, Prime Minister and members of the Polit Bureau are elected by the National Congress of the Communist Party. NPC has about three thousand representatives, which are indirectly selected by the Provincial and Local People’s Congress.
The party’s Supreme Leader is the President
In the NPC meeting, the list of Central Committee and Polit Bureau candidates of CPC is presented. This list has already been approved by the top leadership of the party. The Central Committee of CPC has more than 200 members, 24 members in the Polit Bureau and the Polit Bureau Standing Committee has 6 to 7 members. The Central Committee of the CPC selects the general secretary, who is usually the President of the country. The party that runs in China, the responsibility of running the country is also on its shoulders.
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The election process in China is just a formality, as the candidates are already selected by the top leaders of CPC. The current President Xi Jinping was elected CPC General Secretary in 2012 and President in 2013. Similarly, in the year 2018, China removed the time limit for the President’s tenure, so that Xi Jinping can live in this post. In such a situation, it is clear that there is no meaning of election there.
The way the voter list is constantly updated in India and the list is examined through processes like Intensive Revision, there is no such system in China. Even if there are some updates in the name of voter list, then their scope is very limited.
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