Russia has started using jet-spawd-238 drones in recent major attacks on Ukraine, which is becoming a new problem for Ukraine’s air defense. According to the RBC Ukraine report, Ukrainian Air Force spokesperson Yuri Ihnat said that at least 8 such drones were used in the attack in Kiev and northern areas on the night of 30-31 July. It is known as Geran-3, which is made up of Shahd-238 of Iran. This drone was first introduced in 2023.
What is Geran-3?
Geran-3 is a drone that runs from a jet engine. Russia has made it with the help of Shahd-238 of Iran. It has special features …
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- Speed: It can fly at a speed of 600 kmph, which makes it like a missile.
- Height: It can go up to 9,000 meters in height, where common weapons cannot kill it.
- Weight and Size: Its weight is 380 kg. The length is 3.5 m, the wings are 3 meters. It is heavy with the earlier Garan-2 (250 kg).
- Weapon: It can have a warhead of 50 to 300 kg, including thermobary charge.
- Sound: Its jet engine makes a loud sound, which is different from the lighter sound of the old drone. Identification makes it difficult.
- engine: It runs from the Tolu-10 or Tolu-13 engine, which is considered a copy of the PBS TJ100 and TJ150 of the Czech Republic.
This drone can remain in the air for 2 hours. Launch from the truck or fly from a solid-fuel booster. Its debris (serial number U-36) was found in June 2025, which are being built in the Albuga zone in Tatarstan, Russia.
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How did Ukraine attack?
On the night of 30-31 July 2025, Russia attacked Kiev and other areas, in which …
- A total of 78 Shahd drones launched.
- Of these, 51 were stopped from electronic war, interceptor drones, mobile fire teams and anti-air missiles.
- There were 8 drone jets, which were first used for the first time.
- There were also 8 Iskandar-K cruise missiles and decoy UAVs.
- outcome: 13 people killed and more than 130 injured.
The attack was targeted by many areas, in which Kyiv was the largest target.
Why threat to protect Ukraine?
- Difficult on radar: Due to the speed of Geran-3 being more than 500 km/h, it resembles the missile on the radar, which is difficult to stop.
- Height and range: It is out of common weapons from a height of 9000 meters and a range of 1200-2500 km.
- Discussion in identity Its small radar cross-section (0.05 square meters) and the sound system of jet also fail to track it.
- Mixed attacks: Russia is confusing the protection of Ukraine using it with slow drones and missiles.
Ukraine’s mobile fire teams, which are dependent on machine guns, are unable to stop it. However, its summer detection missiles such as stinger and Pireun can target it.
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Gran-3 features and variants
There are many forms of this drone …
- Basic version: Guidance from GPS and Glonass.
- Infrared Sikar: Targets the sources of heat.
- Radar Homeing: The air defense tracks the radar.
- Electro-optical: For Reiki or Visual Guidance.
Some of these drones are launched by trucks. From some boosters. There are talks of launch from the wind, but the evidence is not found yet.
Preparation and production of Russia
- Albuga Zone: Russia is now increasing local production by starting with Russia Iran kit in Tatarstan.
- Parts: It has Civilian Components of Canada, Switzerland and America, which despite the culture, came illegally.
- Production limit: Iran offered 100 drones per month in 2023, but production is slow due to jet engine and strong body.
- Cost: Gran-3 can be priced at $ 1.4 million as against Shahd-136 ($ 20,000- $ 50,000).
Russia is planning to make 2000 to 5000 drones per month, but the number of jet versions will be less.
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Ukraine’s answer
- Interceptor Drone: Ukraine has made fast FPV drones, which plans to produce 1000 per day, but they have limit against jet drones.
- Pilot and missile: This can be prevented from Western Fighter Jets (Sidewinder and MICA missiles).
- awareness: President Jailonsci and Minister Fedorov said to respond early to deal with Russia’s strategy.
- Cost balance: The price of an AIM-120 missile ($ 500,000- $ 1 million) or Patriot ($ 4 million) is much higher than Gran-3, which challenges defense.
What is strategy and future?
The purpose of Russia is to weaken the defense of Ukraine and put pressure on cheap weapons. It wants to eliminate Ukraine’s missile stock using Garan-3 as a cruise missile. Complexity of production and its number can be limited by its numbers. Ukraine analysts say that this drone is currently in the testing stage and it will take time to be used on a large scale.
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